Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Creating Shared Value Essays - Social Responsibility, Marketing

Making Shared Value Essays - Social Responsibility, Marketing Transport 102 Sec 022 Making Shared Value Common worth is an administration methodology that centers around firms making business esteem. This idea is first presented in the harvard Business article. The creator expresses that there are three different ways they we can make shared worth. Making shared worth is an idea that is presented in this article, the meaning of making shared worth is the serious of the firm and the wellbeing of our general public around are commonly reliant to one another. As indicated by the creator, our general public is under attack since a wide range of issues including social, natural, financial are been seen as the outcome of business exchanges. As of late, more business has started to grasp their corporate duty, and thus, numerous business are been accused for societys disappointments. The creator clarifies that one of the greatest piece of the issue is organizations themselves have obsolete way to deal with esteem creation. Since client needs are normally been overlooked and sagacious contempla tions with respect to long haul achievement are almost non-existent, numerous organizations bomb their budgetary and cultural desires. The creator recommends the answer for this issue lies in the guideline of shared worth. By making monetary incentive just as making financial worth, we can acquire clients trusts and accomplish a high cultural status. Mutual worth isn't social duty or generosity, but instead another approach to make monetary progress. Organizations like Google, IBM, and Intel have just burnt through innumerable energy to make shared worth. Government ought to figure out how to control utilizing shared an incentive so as to advance a more advantageous society and increment national profitability. Benefit factor ought not be the most significant factor in a collaboration, organizations need to spend a proportional measure of exertion to the idea of shared worth. Externality can be a factor that assists with making shared an incentive for collaborations. Since the participation doesn't bear the obligation of outside elements, for example, contamination and a worldwide temperature alteration, society ought to apply its weight by forcing expenses, guideline and punishments. By applying strain to enterprises, they will disguise these externalities. The advantage of this sort of approach can spread the thought shared worth and typically doesn't really raise costs for firms since they can generally think of new inventive innovation and powerful administration so as to lessen the cultural damages. The creator believes that the motivation behind why numerous organizations didn't grasp shared worth is on the grounds that in the bygone era, business fill in as the stage to contribute merchandise and enterprises to society. The benefit of the organization bolsters work, speculations and government. This viewpoint fills in as the pervaded suspecting throughout the previous twenty years. Firms utilize distinctive promoting procedures to seek after purchasers to purchase a greater amount of their items. As rivalries of various firms become increasingly furious, directors turns out to be increasingly more ethically tainted. Society gets fewer and fewer advantages each time when they purchase products from firms. Organizations that don't grasp shared worth become undermined. The way toward making shared worth is additionally worth referencing. Organizations can make monetary incentive by first accomplishing cultural worth. There are three different ways to accomplish cultural worth. To begin with, by reconceiving items and markets. Firms must see completely what the item can bring to their clients and whether if the item can make due in the market. Second, rethinking profitability in the worth chain. The organization should discover a harmony state by delivering a sensible measure of items that suits the shoppers request. Third, building strong industry groups at the organization's areas. Organizations should item real and socially gainful items to the general public. A pleasant sorted out government have the correct sort of guideline that can urge organizations to seek after shared worth. Government guidelines fill in as the foundation for a well-working business sector. Guidelines can set objectives and invigorate advancements for shared worth. Society objectives, for example, controlling vitality use, wellbeing matters ,or youngster security can help organizations to set their objectives as per the guidelines. Since there are consistently rivalry in the market, organizations will surpass their possibilities and attempt to accomplish a larger number of objectives so as to be predominant than their rivals. In spite of numerous organizations will liable to demonstrate consistence to very much developed guideline, some old attitude

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Biological Look at Suicide Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Productivity Above All: A Biological Look at Suicide What's more, let me ask you this; the dead, where right? †Franz Wright, New Yorker Magazine, Oct. 6, 2003 Dear Mom and Dad, the letter starts favorably, Thank you for the entirety of your dedication. However, I am not a reasonable girl, and you will all be in an ideal situation without me. It would be ideal if you understand I have done this to your benefit. Nothing more. Also, adjacent to it, Mr. what's more, Mrs. A discover their little girl, dead by her own hand. So start the scenes of anguished soul-looking, of horrendous if-onlys experienced by the relatives of innumerable suicides. Any individual who has confronted what Mr. what's more, Mrs. A currently ponder realizes that the young lady isn't right: they won't be in an ideal situation, not feel more joyful, without her. However every year, a large number of self destruction casualties express comparative feelings: I am executing myself, they console us, to your benefit. This reasoning †this intrigue for magnanimity that our general public can't support †where does it originate from? Why, in truth, do individuals execute themselves? The issue of self destruction desolates the brains of its survivors †of logicians †and, all the more as of late, of therapists. We basically can't get it. Why self destruction? While numerous non-organic researchers are slanted to characterize self destruction as a cognizant demonstration †accordingly barring, maybe, all non-human self-dispensed passings (1), (2) †lets us stay with the more essential meaning of self destruction as self-murder, with or without intellectual information or plan (***). What's more, as the concerned analysts plunge on toward them, let us look at this issue from an alternate viewpoint, that of science. So as to comprehend the science of self destruction, be that as it may, we should initially comprehend the more broad ubiquitous marvel: death.... ...ants, a decent depiction of implosion of cells, this time in plants http://www.sebiology.org/announcement/july2002/plant.htm 9)Foucault , Michael. Train and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Irregular House: New York, 1977. 10) Weizmann Institute of Science: Death of a Cell, a conversation of one arrangement of investigations of cell apoptosis http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/site/EN/weizman.asp?pi=422&doc_id=436&interID=138&sq=138 NOT CITED IN TEXT 11) http://www.sciencedaily.com/discharges/1997/07/970722090258.htm>Stopping Cell Suicide Could Boost Production in Biotech Labs, a glance at a portion of the cons of cell self destruction as far as innovation 12)Researchers Find New Way to Trigger Self-Destruction of Certain Cancer Cells, a plan for putting cell self destruction to use for people! http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-06/sjcr-rfn061803.php

The digital stop clock Essay Example for Free

The advanced stop clock Essay It is precise in light of the fact that, it measures to 100ml 1. Pipette - To ensure the volume of corrosive utilized was as precise as could be expected under the circumstances. The manner in which we estimated the corrosive was at eye level from the base of the meniscus. 1. gas syringe - To quantify the volume of carbon dioxide gas delivered. The syringe was exact in light of the fact that it estimated volume in 1ml divisions. All through this response the carbon dioxide is dismal so without it I would have issues estimating and watching the response, so if a substance is added to give the carbon dioxide a shading, my conclusive outcomes probably won't be dependable. I have looked into that utilizing a gas syringe is significantly more effective than utilizing an estimating chamber as issues happen with the air bubbles.. 1. The electronic equalization We used to quantify the measure of calcium carbonate we would requirement for each test. The equalization is estimated in grams (g) We utilized additionally utilized this hardware to guarantee the investigation is exact in light of the fact that the electronic parity is estimated to 3 decimal spots which are useful as I am utilizing a mass of 0. 5grams. 1. The advanced stop clock. - We utilized the stop clock to time to what extent the analysis would keep going for and to ensure that we didn’t go over the measure of time set to do each rehash. There is a beginning and reset catch to begin the clock and a stop catch to stop the clock this makes it all the more simple to utilize. The advanced stop watch is additionally exact in light of the fact that it measures to hundredth seconds which helped us precisely record the volumes of gas at our set interims and making the analysis a reasonable test as each estimation was taken at certain time. 1. Stand brace: The motivation behind why we utilized this is on the grounds that the stand brace for security reasons as we should guarantee that ga syringe and the flagon with the corrosive that are associated with one another are steady so they don't spill, this is on the grounds that it might influence the outcomes, and if the corrosive spills it could be costly to supplant another one. Same goes with the gas syringe. The explanation we utilized a stand brace is on the grounds that the gear were held consistently to build the gas move through the tubing. This will enable the gas to get to the syringe to peruse the outcomes all the more precisely. 1. Spatula: We utilized the spatula to take out the calcium carbonate from the container since it was the main hardware sufficiently little to fit through the container. Utilizing another bit of hardware, for instance a spoon, would be too huge to even think about fitting through. 1. Gauging Boat: We set the calcium carbonate in the gauging pontoon after we estimated it. The gauging vessel is light, so it won't influence how we measure the calcium carbonate. 1. Goggles: We wore goggles as a major aspect of our wellbeing and security decides that we needed to follow to prevent any wounds from occurring. A model for when we need goggles is the point at which we have to keep corrosive from getting at you as it might harm your eyes as long as possible. 1. Funnel shaped flagon with bung: We utilized this bit of gear since we expected to place in the reactants (calcium carbonate and hydrochloric corrosive) that we utilized when estimating the measure of gas being delivered. It joined onto the gas syringe so the gas that was delivered in the response could go through the cylinder to be estimated. The bung is there to ensure that the gas being created, doesn't escape from the conelike jar. The strategy comprises of a few stages: 1. Put on your sterile jacket and goggles. 2. Accumulate all the hardware that you need e. g. gas chamber with account carafe, two clasp stands, estimating vessel, estimating chamber, and stop watch. 3. Set your hardware up e. g. brace the gas chamber into one clasp stand, and clip the annal flagon into the other cinch stand, ensuring they are at a similar tallness 4. Measure the hydrochloric corrosive with an estimating chamber. 5. Empty the corrosive into the account jar 6. Weigh out the calcium carbonate with the electronic parity. 7. Empty the calcium carbonate into the narrative flagon 8. Spot the bung on straight away, and start the advanced stop watch 9. Take readings from the gas chamber at regular intervals. Principle test †changing the surface region. The gear we utilized was pipette. We utilized this to ensure the volume of corrosive utilized was as exact as could reasonably be expected. The manner in which we estimated the corrosive was at eye level from the base of the meniscus. We utilized the gas syringe to gauge the volume of carbon dioxide gas created. The syringe was exact on the grounds that it estimated volume in 1ml divisions. We utilized the electronic parity to guarantee the investigation is exact in light of the fact that the electronic equalization is estimated to 2 decimal spots and we likewise utilized the stop clock as it is exact on the grounds that it estimated to hundredth seconds. This helped us precisely record the volumes of gas at our set interims. In the surface zone we ensured that we kept the 2M of the hydrochloric corrosive for each analysis of the surface territory. We likewise utilized a mercury thermometer as it gives us a superior exact perusing and permits us to see whether the temperature of the hydrochloric corrosive has any kind of effect to the outcomes. The technique for the trial of surface territory was on the primary examination we utilized little calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5g. We estimated this by utilizing an electronic parity and we utilized 2M of hydrochloric corrosive of a volume of 30ml, by utilizing an estimating chamber which permitted us to gauge the volume precisely. The second examination we utilized medium calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5. We estimated this by utilizing an electronic parity and we utilized 2M of hydrochloric corrosive of a volume of 30ml by utilizing an estimating chamber which permitted us to gauge the volume precisely. For the third investigation we utilized enormous calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5g. We estimated this by utilizing an electronic parity and we utilized 2M of hydrochloric corrosive of a volume of 30ml by utilizing an estimating chamber which permitted us to quantify the volume precisely. For each examination for the surface zone we emptied the hydrochloric corrosive into the conelike flagon, and afterward included the calcium chips as quick as conceivable to guarantee the gas doesn't escape into the air, and not in the gas chamber. When we set the bung inside the cone shaped cup, we promptly began the plug watch and coordinated it as long as 120 seconds. For at regular intervals the individual in job of the stop watch would yell at regular intervals, and the other individual perusing the gas chamber will yell how quick the elastic, tubing is moving out of the gas chamber. At that point we would record the outcomes in the table and rehash a similar analysis multiple times to make the outcomes exact and dependable. Results for surface region. We initially began with calcium carbonate powder (1. 5g)with hydrochloric corrosive (30ml) however the response occurred inside 5 seconds and promptly responded. Subsequently it was quick and it was incomprehensible for us to take any readings. In light of this we chose to utilize calcium carbonate chips so it is simpler to take the perusing. Table 4. Results for little chips of calcium carbonate Calcium Small Chips 1. 5g Hydrochloric Acid 2M 30ml Volume Of Gas Produced (ml) Time Repeat1 (ml) Repeat 2 (ml) Repeat 3 (ml) Repeat 4 (ml) Repeat5 (ml) Averages Evaluating the outcomes for little chips of calcium carbonate Table 4 shows the surface territory of little calcium chips. We did this by utilizing 1. 5g of little calcium chips and 30ml of volume of 2M hydrochloric corrosive. There doesn't appear to be any exceptions; a great beginning for the principal results. As should be obvious we rehashed the investigation multiple times to result exactness. From the Table 4, we can see that the volume of gas created expanded quick towards the normal of 110. From this we were quick to see whether the medium calcium chips had a progressively recognizable effect. Table 5. Assessing results for medium chips of calcium carbonate Calcium Medium Chips 1. 5g Hydrochloric Acid 2M 30ml Volume Of Gas Produced (ml) Time Repeat1 (ml) Repeat 2 (ml) Repeat 3 (ml) Repeat 4 (ml) Repeat 5(ml) Averagesâ Outliers Evaluating results for medium chips of calcium carbonate. In Table 5, we show the surface zone of medium calcium chips. We did this by utilizing 1. 5g of medium calcium chips and 30ml of volume of 2M hydrochloric corrosive. In this diagram there is by all accounts an outliner which is featured in blue. For the midpoints we did exclude the anomaly to give us a progressively dependable and exact normal. As should be obvious we rehashed the investigation multiple times to guarantee result exactness. From Table 5 we can see that the volume of gas delivered has continuously expanded towards the hour of 120 seconds. This shows medium chips are the best outcomes up until this point. To ensure we have finished up the correct choice we needed to check if enormous calcium chips would have a more grounded effect. Table 6. Assessing results for huge chips Calcium Large Chips 1. 5g Hydrochloric Acid 2M 30ml Volume Of Gas Produced (ml) Time Repeat 1 (ml) Repeat 2 (ml) Repeat 3(ml) Repeat 4 (ml) Repeat 5 (ml) Averages Outliers Evaluating results for huge chips of calcium carbonate. In Table 6 we show the surface territory of enormous calcium chips. We did this by utilizing 1. 5g of huge calcium chips and 30ml of volume of 2M hydrochloric corrosive. In this diagram there is by all accounts an outliner which is featured in blue. In the exception the temperature on the hydrochloric corrosive was 23EC, which is a bother and the remainder of the outcomes that don’t have an anomaly have all got 24EC. This discloses to us the that the adjustment in temperature might be a motivation behind why there might be an exception. For the midpoints we did exclude the anomaly to give us a progressively dependable and exact normal. As should be obvious we rehashed the trial multiple times to guarantee exactness in results. From the Table 6 we can see that the volume of gas created has progressively expanded towards the hour of 120 seconds. This shows enormous chips results are likewise solid. Diagrams for surface territory. In the diagram I can see that little chips utilized in the response discharges more volume of gas in (ml) is better as it expands the

Friday, August 21, 2020

English Lexicon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English Lexicon - Essay Example Since the center of the twentieth century it has been fundamentally thought of as a modest of Jennifer.1 Jane is the This name has numerous structures, and as such includes numerous implications inside the English dictionary. A jenny is characterized, by Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, as both of three things, the initial two being gotten from 1600 from the name Jenny: 1) a female flying creature, as in a jenny wren; 2) a female jackass; or 3) a turning jenny, an early numerous axle machine for turning fleece or cotton (ca. 1783, got from Jenny, a moniker for Jane).3 Jen is, in Chinese way of thinking, an empathetic love for humankind or for the world as a whole.4 There are different word reference passages, in any case, for the word jane, which depends on the namesake Jane. One word reference says that jane is slang for a young lady or a woman.5 The Free Dictionary guarantees that the word jane is a coin of Genoa or any little coin; additionally, a jane could be a sort of twilled cotton cloth.6 There are different minor departure from the name Jane and uses of the name Jane. The name Jane Doe has become a piece of the English dictionary so as to portray a normal or conventional lady or it very well may be [u]sed as a name in legitimate procedures to assign an obscure or unidentified lady or girl.7 Jane Doe was only a nonexclusive name, yet it has taken an exceptionally famous turn lately, turning out to be a piece of the jargon of the overall population. Mary Jane is slang for marijuana.8 Supposedly that name is related with maryjane in light of the fact that you have Mary related with mari-and Jane related with - juana. That is justifiable. Additionally received into the English vocabulary by method of the name Jane is the term unremarkable person, which signifies [l]acking decoration or claim; fundamental or simple.9 The name Jean is additionally normally utilized, which is female, and Medieval English variation of JehanneIt was normal in England and Scotland during the Middle Ages, yet in the long run got uncommon in England. It was reintroduced to the English-talking world from Scotland in the nineteenth century.10 The word jean, obviously, has been brought into the English vocabulary, and has two implications, as indicated by the Free Dictionary. A jean can be either an overwhelming, solid, twilled cotton, utilized in making regalia and work garments or plural pants, [p]ants made of jean, denim, or another sturdy fabric.11 Also, what will be examined is young men's names, or manly names, which have been adjusted into the dictionary. First we will start by examining the name Peter. The name Peter is [d]erived from the Greek (Petros) signifying 'stone'. This is an interpretation utilized in many variants of the New Testament of the name Cephas, signifying 'stone' in Aramaic, which was given to the messenger Simon by Jesus (look at Matthew 16:18 and John 1:42). Simon Peter was the most

How the Aviation Industry Is Affected by the Economy

Air terminals are fundamental global assets. They assume a key job in transportation of individuals and merchandise. Furthermore, in local, national and universal business. They are the place the nation’s flight framework associates with different methods of transportation and where bureaucratic duty regarding overseeing and directing air traffic activity meet with the job of state and neighborhood governments that possess and work most air terminals. This paper surveys how oil costs influence the aircraft economy and perspectives the degree to which the economies and creating nations stay defenseless against a significant stretch of higher oil costs. I have picked this point in light of the fact that the aircraft business in the economy of any nation assumes a significant job. Today’s carriers face many long standing issues. The authentic patterns show the genuine story of what's going on in the aircraft business. There are numerous components that add to these issues and Increase in fuel rates/cost is one of them. The estimation of a barrel of oil directly affects aircrafts inside the World’s aeronautics industry, at the current second the cost of a barrel of Oil has held at about â€Å"$89 a barrel†, this figure be that as it may, is truly temperamental. To stress further, in mid July 2006 a barrel of oil had broken the â€Å"$78 mark† and has since settled, the drawn out issues in any case, propose the estimation of oil could rise considerably encourage which can obviously have cost entanglements for aircrafts. With the current political debates in Eastern Europe and the distress in the Middle East, the expense of oil is probably going to ascend, similar to the temperamental idea of this asset and industry when all is said in done. As indicated by the most recent measurements from the General Aviation Bureau, because of the fuel value flood, the expense of fuel has accounted to 41% of the expense of significant business of aircraft organizations. The entire aircraft industry has an extra cost consumption of 1. 27 billion. For what reason does the aircraft business which is constantly touchy to value change make no move this time? The South-west Airline Company said â€Å"if we raised the ticket cost as of now the travelers would startle away†. A few transportation organizations likewise notice that the local transportation is consistent however not rising, and it would be additionally overpowered if the carrier raised costs now. Along these lines under the current state of fuel value flood, the aircraft ought to decrease costs through administration reinforcing, cost bringing down and proficiency improving, yet not just raise the cost. Traveler bearers have detailed over $10 billion out of 2005 overall deficits. Industry obligation currently surpasses $100 billion, while the industry’s $15 billion absolute market benefit keeps on declining. Our capacity to acquire to help proceeding with misfortunes is diminishing. The couple of aircrafts that have had the option to accomplish a benefit are doing as such under colossal trouble. The explanations behind the hazardous state of the business are clear. Benefit has declined significantly following the 9/11 assault on America. In spite of the fact that bearers are forcefully lessening costs where conceivable, adamantly high fuel costs and heightening security and protection costs, in addition to other things, have joined with a specific retaliation in a failing to meet expectations economy. The business has just accomplished yearly reserve funds of over $10 billion in capital and working costs. Issues, for example, fuel costs, notwithstanding, are clearly past our capacity to fight alone The business was experiencing the conditioning economy in mid 2001. The occasions of 9/11, in any case, drove misfortunes that year to $7. 7 billion, in spite of the $5 billion in government pay for the expenses of the psychological oppressor shutdown of our aeronautics framework. A couple of years back the image obscured when regardless of industry reductions in spending, misfortunes bested $10 billion. Also, experts foresee that the business will lose another $2 to 4 billion this year, implying that carriers are on track to lose about $25 billion in the 2008 to 2013 period. Increments in fuel costs influence the aircrafts in two different ways; the expense of fuel has an undeniable and direct effect on the expense of activity, and fuel cost increments have over and over activated financial downturns, which thus bring about a decrease sought after for air travel and air freight. Fuel cost increments negatively affect aircrafts on the grounds that even in great time fuel costs represent about 10-12% of our working cost. Each penny increment in the cost of fly fuel costs the carrier business $180 million every year. Without valuing power †the capacity to pass these expenses along as higher airfares †these builds come directly off the primary concern. A much progressively pernicious part of the fuel cost increment is the connection between the economy and air travel. The connection between fuel costs and the strength of the economy is clear. Three of the significant downturns of the previous thirty years can, in enormous measure, be ascribed to the precarious increments in fuel costs that went with the 1973 Middle East oil ban, the 1980 Iran Crisis, and the1990-91 Gulf War. The aircraft business is verifiably attached to the general economy †even minor downturns bring about marked down interest and expanded affectability to costs for relaxation just as business voyagers. Past fuel spikes and chaperon downturns have realized far reaching hardship in the aircraft business. As investigation appears, aircraft productivity endures as an immediate outcome of a debilitating economy. During the primary Gulf War, practically 50% of the significant aircrafts petitioned for security under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, long-standing carriers left business, in excess of 100,000 aircraft representatives lost positions, and the business went into a monetary spiral from which it took a very long time to recuperate. We as a whole have much in question †it isn't just an issue of aircraft accounts; it is the national economy. Common flight profoundly affects the U. S. economy. An as of late finished examination found that in schedule 2009:  · Civil aviation’s absolute effect on the U. S. economy added up to 9% of GDP. $343 billion and 4. 2 million occupations were delivered in common aeronautics or in ventures identified with common flight, for example, travel and the travel industry.  · Combined immediate, roundabout, and initiated financial effect of common avionics totaled $904 billion and 11. 2 million employments. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the monetary circumstance of the aircrafts has negatively affected the U. S. economy. Of the positions lost in the United States since 9/11, as indicated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics †about half have been in the movement and the travel industry area. As aircraft torment spreads, networks the nation over are significantly influenced. Constrained compression in the business implies less assistance or no support of certain networks, progressively secluding them from the financial standard. The aircrafts are doing all that they can to save fuel. Since the commencement of business flight, carriers have demanded the most eco-friendly airplane conceivable and have worked with airframe and motor producers to lessen fuel utilization. Indeed, our fuel preservation endeavors have brought about a fuel utilization pace of very nearly 40 traveler miles for each gallon in today’s airplane †a rate that contrasts well and the most eco-friendly autos. Changes in journey speed, utilization of pilot training programs, complex flight arranging frameworks, expanding load factors and the presentation of more up to date, increasingly streamlined airplane structures joined with current motor innovation, are largely late examples of overcoming adversity. Carriers keep on taking a gander at each conceivable feature of their activities to additionally improve eco-friendliness through measures like navigating on one motor, deferring startup and push back, evacuating all optional eight, and utilizing ground power rather than on-board assistant force units while at the door. These and comparable measures are progressively being utilized where proportionate with wellbeing contemplations to spare fuel and, not by chance, to diminish discharges. In any case, starting today our alternatives for additional emotional enhancements for the request for what we have had the option to accomplish in the course of recent decades are constrained; leaving th e aeronautics business helpless as well as every single other assistance dependant upon air travel for a beneficial living.

Saturday, June 27, 2020

Evil and Omnipotence Essay - 1100 Words

Evil and Omnipotence (Essay Sample) Content: Evil and omnipotenceName of StudentName of TutorDate of SubmissionIntroductionMackieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s core argument in his article is that theologians are subject to criticism based on the contradictory nature of the solutions that they provide regarding the existence of evil yet God is both omnipotent and wholly good. According to Mackie, the three statements that God is omnipotent and wholly good yet evil is in existence provide a theologian with a problem that is hard to solve or justify. For instance, if God is really good why does he let evil exist yet he has the power to do anything even eliminate evil? Mackie evaluates the various solutions that theologians attempt to provide regarding this problem and finds them all inadequate.Mackieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s argument is not correct primarily because Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s qualities are not restricted to omnipotence and goodness alone. There are other qualities that God possesses that change the equation as Mackie sees it. An example o f an attribute of God that makes it illogical to evaluate him as Mackie did is his incorporeality or spirituality (Reymond, 1998). The fact that God removes him from the tools and approaches that could be used to evaluate human beings. This means that he does not have to conform to logic and order and that the definition of logic and order made by human beings does not have to apply to him. Consequently, there exists a possibility that God can exist in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"contradictionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ or a situation that is filled with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"contradictionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. It would therefore be vain to try to apply logic to a being that is not limited to logic or whose definition of logic differs completely from that of man (Reymond, 1998).Secondly, omnipotence refers to absolute power therefore God is all powerful and can do anything. As such, God can allow good and evil to exist even though he is wholly good. There is no impossibility that applies to an all powerful being (Bavinck, 1992) . Being all powerful means that there is nothing that God cannot do therefore Mackieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s assertion that the three statements need to support each other is false because being omnipotent, God is not limited by anything including the requirement to eliminate evil or manifest his goodness. Mackie argues that God is omnipotent and good therefore he can eliminate evil in order to promote goodness. What Mackie does not realize is that he attempts to limit Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s will whereas God does as he wills and since he can do anything, there is no reason why he cant let evil exist and still maintain his goodness (Bavinck, 1992).Mackieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s arguments indicate that he expects God to be accountable to man. This is preposterous since God is not bound by any rules or accountable to anyone. God is sovereign and therefore does not have to create a world without evil in order...

Wednesday, May 27, 2020

Describe The Various Mode Of Medicare In The USA - 825 Words

Describe The Various Mode Of Medicare In The USA (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseProfessorDateDistributive Justice ExerciseQuestion 1 aMedicare is a medical program tailor made to serve persons from the age of 65 years or older, persons with permanent liver failure that is in dire need of dialysis also referred to as end stage renal disease and also younger persons with certain disabilities which was an idea of the federal government insurance program. When paying the other half of the charges, payments may differ due to factors such as the amount of care a beneficiary needsMedicare part AThis part of the program, hospital insurance, only takes care of the inpatient stays in the hospital where things like food, private room, medication that is related to one's inpatient needs, home medical services, skilled nursing facilities and medical tests are taken care of which is also termed as hospital insurance and eligibility is 65 years and above and younger people with disabilities.Medicare part BMedicare part B is also referred to as medical insurance, generally covers on an outpatient basis where it takes care of some of the products and services not covered on part A. if the beneficiary is still working, or their spouse is still working and they have some kind of insurance through the employer, then this part in optional to them which usually covers 80% of the cost of the hospital bills and the rest 20% is taken care of by the patient.Medicare part CMedicare part C also termed as Medicare advantage is the most preferred medical care coverage by many because of its properties of covering bill in all of Medicare Part A and also Medicare Part B. also, it offers more additional coverage on long term medical conditions such as vision, hearing and dental conditions. Furthermore, it allows private health insurance companies to provide Medicare services to beneficiaries.Medicare part DThis part of the Medicare id also called the prescription drug benefit because it covers and subsidizes all Medicare beneficiaries costs on al l prescription drugs in the USA although one might lose covers connected to their employers or other unions. Furthermore, this cover will serve only those registered to parts A and B of the Medicare.Medicaid for the state of New Jersey covers all persons from children, pregnant women, the blind people, parents, dependent children among others. SCHIP is the States Childrens Health Insurance Program and in New Jersey, it was devised to help uncovered children in families that have lower income and too high to afford Medicaid.EMTALA is the emergency medical treatment and labour act, which is a law by the federal government that anyone who comes to the emergency section is treated and healed and is much emphasized in New Jersey.Question 3Stakeholders of the Medicare programs include the federal government, medical insurance firms, hospitals, issuers and states that offer these services to the citizens.Question 4Health policy program Distributive justice theory used Stakeholder resource winner Stakeholder resource looser Medicare part A Compensation patient, insurance firms, govt. none Medicare part B Socialism patient none Medicare part C Egalitarianism patient none Medicare part D Work ethic Patient, pharmaceutical firms Patients, government Medicaid Equitability patient none SCHI...

Monday, May 18, 2020

Satire The Princess Bride - 956 Words

Good comedies are very rare to come across, in today’s times. Due to the fact that many comedies are not as funny as they re thought out to be and they focus on issues that not related to anything funny at all. Satire, is mostly seen associated with comedies and comedians were they express their selves using irony or a lot of ridicule to show people stupidity. In my thesis essay, I want to show the reader that I have a full concept of what the essay is about while showing how satire is used in the topic I chose. In William Goldman’s novel, a comedy entitled â€Å"The Princess Bride†. There is a lot of satire that is paraphrased in the book. The book focuses on fairy tale land themes along with bits and pieces focused on the fantasy genre as well. The satire elements used within the book by Goldman, although the novel does contain a lot of comedy. The princess bride style is written in a dual narrative that shows the progression of two stories throughout the storyline of the two novels. In the first theme setting Goldman himself takes actions of using another author s work about what really transpired with the princess bride. This is a first sign of satire, because Goldman is ridiculing the previous author s work with subtlety. Goldman used illusion of The Princess Bride with a different perspective totally fictitious history, claiming it was his favorite book as any other child growing up. Goldman who basically recreates the classic fairy tale story of what true love was andShow MoreRelatedThe Satirical Theme of The Princess Bride, by William Goldman814 Words   |  4 Pages Satire with a funny twist. In the novel The Princess Bride, William Goldman satirizes both fairy tales and the standard literary process through his characters and their actions. Westley, a poor farmer, falls in love with the far from perfect maiden, Buttercup, but has to sail away in order to find his fortunes. Years later, Buttercup, thinking that Westley abandoned her, is forcibly engaged to Prince Humperdinck, a cruel and calculating man. Vizzini, Fezzik, and Inigo, three mysterious kidnappersRead MoreTaylor Lane Colyer. Dr. Cos sar. Final Paper. April 11,1756 Words   |  8 Pages11, 2017 Genre and Narrative in The Princess Bride Genre and narrative appear in all forms of film; they cannot exist without each other. Films have some form of narrative that makes it unique for a specific genre. This is due to the way the story is told. Depending on how the story is told the audience will generate a response to the film they are watching. Narrative and genre are used to explain the story and plot of a film. Let’s look at The Princess Bride for example; this is a genre film thatRead MoreShijing and Chuci Essay examples1885 Words   |  8 Pagesthe plan from the Charge of Heaven to rule. The Greater Brightness. The beginning of the second stanza reads: From Zhi the second daughter, Ren, went from the land of Yin and Shang. She came to marry into Zhou, in its great city, foreign bride. Together then with Ji the King they did that work of Power. Owen calls poems that celebrate the dynastys anointment by right of receiving Heavens Charge propaganda of Zhou. Some of this propaganda of Zhou is seen in the fourth stanza:Read MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesabuse’† (161). â€Å"Some time in the afternoon...I asked, What am I to do?...the answer my mind gave—Leave Thornfield at once—was so prompt, so dread, that I stopped my ears. I said I could not bear such words now. That I am not Edward Rochester’s bride is the least part of my woe...but that I must leave him decidedly, instantly, entirely, is intolerable. I cannot do it. But, then, a voice within me averred that I could do it and foretold that I should do it. I wrestled with my own resolution: I

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Women Being Controlled in The Yellow Wallpaper - 1091 Words

The Yellow Wallpaper Today, women have more freedoms than we did in the early nineteenth century. We have the right to vote, seek positions that are normally meant for men, and most of all, the right to use our minds. However, for women in the late 1800’s, they were brought up to be submissive housewives who were not allowed to express their own interests. In the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a woman is isolated from the world and her family because she is suffering from a temporary illness. Under her husband’s care, she undergoes a treatment called â€Å"rest cure† prescribed by her doctor, Dr. Weir Mitchell. It includes bed rest, no emotional or physical stimulus, and†¦show more content†¦Such circumstances, causes the woman to fall into a deeper depression because she feels trapped and lonely. With good intentions, John controls his wifes life and makes all decisions for her, whether she agrees with them or not. His wife is full aware of the restrictions that her husband has imposed on her, but she is recessive to his control and often agrees with him. However, she fails to see â€Å"signs of her confinement: the bars at the window, the gate at the top of the stairs, steel rings on the walls, and the nailed-down bestead† (Korb). Because she is unable to escape from the isolation that her husband has kept her in, the woman seeks relief from the yellow wallpaper and she creates an imaginary relationship it. In fact, the worst thing her husband should not of done is give his unstable wife an object that is not appealing to focus on. In doing so, he has given her an opportunity to let her mind wonder and create objects that no one else sees. John, however, does not give any thought to this because after all, he thinks he knows what is best for his wife. Every request the woman in the story has made to her husband has been dismissed and her depression continues to worsen because she has lost co ntrol of her own life. John fails to understand how it feels for his wife to be trapped in her room all day. â€Å"He forces his wife into a daily confinement by four walls whose paper, described as ‘debased Romanesque,’ is an omnipresent figuring of theShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins1162 Words   |  5 PagesA New Beginning In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman discusses the oppression men have towards women through the story of a nameless narrator during the 19th century. In the story, the unknown narrator, a woman, is telling her struggle for freedom and her fight to escape from the subordination in her marriage with a physician. In the story, the narrator suffers an illness that prevents her from doing things she likes such as writing. Throughout her illness, the narrator slowly becomesRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pageslike to look out of the windows even – there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they all come out of that wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a womanRead Moreâ€Å"The labor of women in the house, certainly, enables men to produce more wealth than they otherwise1300 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The labor of women in the house, certainly, enables men to produce more wealth than they otherwise could; and in this way women are economic factors in society. But so are horses.† Stated by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. She compared the labor of women to a horse because just as a horse has no say neither did women. She states that men could be wealthier if women were to work instead of doing only house work but they are entitled to keep up the house and that is there economic function in society. CharlotteRead MoreThe Role of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins699 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins #65279; Reflecting upon their role in society, women in literature are often portrayed in a position that is dominated by men. Especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. The Yellow Wallpaper, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a story of a woman, her psychological difficulties and her husbands so called therapeutic treatment of her alimentsRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper Enters the Canon1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper Enters the Canon What I want to see people get rid of... is the idea that home is sacred because the dinner is cooked there. Home is sacred because love and congeniality and companionship are there meaning home is beautiful and blessed because of the love that comes from the home (Gilman). Charlottes great use of detailed words proves that she is a professional when it comes to American gothic writing. Gilman is a master in creating stories that leave the reader completelyRead MoreAnalyzing The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman944 Words   |  4 Pages Analyzing The Yellow Wallpaper â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a story about a woman who had a nervous breakdown. It’s all started when the narrator s and her husband John rented a nice house that they could afford. The narrator s husband â€Å"ordered† the narrator to pick a nice large, airy room on the top floor for the two of them, although she preferred the smaller, prettier room on the ground floor. The narrator didn’t like the bedroom that her husband picked, she had toRead MoreThere Have Been Multiple Conceptions About â€Å"The Yellow1510 Words   |  7 Pagesconceptions about â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† over the true significance of the story and it has been evaluated by many scholarly writers for several generations. The story was written by the poet Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the nineteenth-century and it conveyed ideas about symbolism, feminism and individualism. It provides the reader with her viewpoint on society’s subjugation of women by the patriarchal model that reserved power for men. The gender ideology stressed that women and men were to conformRead More Response to The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman815 Words   |  4 Pagesto The Yellow Wallpaper The woman behind this work of literature portrays the role of women in the society during that period of time. The Yellow Wallpaper written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a well written story describing a woman who suffers from insanity and how she struggles to express her own thoughts and feelings. The author uses her own experience to criticize male domination of women during the nineteenth century. Although the story was written fifty years ago, The Yellow WallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is Centered Around Individualism and Feminism644 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"the Yellow Wallpaper† theme is centered around individuality and feminism. The woman in the story is suffering with depression but does not know how to deal with her illness due to her husband insensitivity and lack of belief of her illness. During this time period women were oppressed and were to be â€Å"seen and not heard.† Women were not seen as an equal individual to men but more like children. It is very clear that the wife is made inferior to her husband John. By him being a physician

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Sociological Insight The Coming Apart of a Dorm Society

Edward Peselman writes about social structure, social status, and social power in the essay The Coming Apart of a Dorm Society. The essay begins with the commencement of freshman year at college, when the narrator moves into his dormitory along with five other young men from different walks of life. Not only are the six freshmen from different backgrounds, but they also demonstrate unique personalities. Dozer and Reggie are the narrators two roommates. Eric, Mark, and Benjamin lived across the hall. Because they occupy the same geographic space, the six men develop a sort of pecking order. They create an artificial power structure in which some of the men, namely Erik and Mark, attempt to dominate the others. Ultimately, Benjamin buckles under the pressure and leaves the dorm: an act that the narrator lauds as being righteously subversive. Peselman constructs a logical argument in The Coming Apart of a Dorm Society. The author substantiates his claims with ample scholarly references, which are cited properly. He first defines his terms, enabling the logical structure of the essay. For example, Peselman cites Randall Collins, who is a sociologist at the University of California, Riverside, to define the exercise of power as the attempt to make something happen in society, (p. 1). The author repeatedly weaves quotes from Collins throughout the essay, rather than using an emotional appeal or relying on his personal credibility. Peselman also describes the scenario inShow MoreRelatedThe Coming Apart of a Dorm Society: An Analysis1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Coming Apart of a Dorm Society by Edward Peselman offers insight into the environment that college students are subjected to if they choose to or are required to live in assigned dormitories on their school campuses. Peselmans analysis of the college dormitory environ ment is approached from a sociological perspective and provides scientific credibility into the points that he makes throughout his essay. In the essay, Peselman explores the power dynamics that are made present through habitationRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesor for worse, and these we have captured to add to learning insights. After so many years of investigating mistakes, and more recently successes also, it might seem a challenge to keep these new editions fresh and interesting. The joy of the chase has made this an intriguing endeavor through the decades. Still, it is always difficult to abandon interesting cases that have stimulated student discussions and provoked useful insights, but newer case possibilities are ever contesting for inclusionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesFOCUS ⠝  Luthans, Rosenkrantz, and Hennessey (1985) †¢ 52 managers in 3 organizations †¢ Participant observation of skills demonstrated by most effective versus least effective managers ⠝  Curtis, Winsor, and Stephens (1989) †¢ 428 members of the American Society of Personnel Administrators in the United States †¢ (1) Skills needed to obtain employment †¢ (2) Skills important for successful job performance †¢ (3) Skills needed to move up in the organization Employment Verbal communication Listening EnthusiasmRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesconcluded that increasing the level of job specialization—the process by which a division of labor occurs as different workers specialize in speciï ¬ c tasks over time—increases efï ¬ ciency and leads to higher organizational performance.5 Armed with the insights gained from Adam Smith’s observations, other managers and researchers began to investigate how to improve job specialization to increase performance. Management practitioners and theorists focused on how managers should organize and control the workRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSkills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Emp loyees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most

Critical Periods Of Brain Growth And Cognitive Function

The article I chose to analyze was â€Å"Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children†. The research was about the relationship between brain growth and the impact it has on different periods of cognitive development. The hypothesis of the study was to determine if brain growth during different periods of development influenced cognitive functioning later in life. (Gale, C.R. 2003) The research was conducted by taking measurements of the head at 18 weeks gestation, within 48 hours of birth, 9 months, and 9 years. â€Å"Foetal head circumference was measured around the outer table of the skull using standard sonographic landmarks.† (Gale, C.R. 2003) At all other ages measurements were taken by using a tape measure wrapped tightly around the head. The weight of each child was taken at birth, 9 months, and 9 years. At birth and 9 months of age measurements were taken of the crown-heel length using a neonatal stadiometer, and at age 9 height me asurements were taken using a portable stadiometer. (Gale, C.R. 2003) Cognitive function of both the children and the mothers were measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale as part of the follow up study. (Gale, C.R. 2003) There were a total of 559 children involved in this study from the feonatal stage to 9 months of age. The mothers of each of the children involved in this study were part of an earlier study of nutrition during pregnancy between April 1992 and June 1993. (Gale, C.R. 2003) AllShow MoreRelatedEffects of Deficiencies in Nutrition 757 Words   |  3 Pagesvital nutrients during the most critical period of their mental and physical development. Effects of malnutrition on early cognitive development It is important to note that the complexities surrounding and much deserved attention for brain development processes unequivocally warrant further reading and research, more than can be fully explored here, however this section will briefly illuminate a few of the key issues surrounding malnutrition and early childhood cognitive development. Fetal and childRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Is The Most Rapid Period Of Development960 Words   |  4 Pagesa little research I have come to the conclusion that Early Childhood Education is the most rapid period of development in a human brain. The years from conception through birth to eight years of age critical to the complete and healthy cognitive, emotional and physical growth of children. The brain is part of the central nervous system, and plays a decisive role in controlling many bodily functions, including both voluntary activities such as walking or speaking and involuntary ones. Babies withRead MoreVideo Games Encourage Violent Behavior1177 Words   |  5 Pages(Bavelier, Brain training: Games to do you good, 2013). Besides the fact that there is no correlational proof that video games encourage violent behavior, psychologists have proved that some good does come out of playing games. Video games, it seems, encourage positive brain plasticity. In the meeting hosted by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, scientist gathered to discuss way of using interactive technology, such as games, to boost brain activity (Bavelier, Brain training:Read MoreNourishing a Child Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesof a child’s life, specifically from zero to five years of age, malnutrition is of the greatest concern. Failing to properly feed a child’s body can cause irreversible damage to the mind leading to developmental delays, stunted physical cognitive and emotional growth, mental retardation, livelong illness and even death. In many countries across the globe, lack of funds and resources contribute greatly the malnourished child issues. However, in established countries such as the United States, whereRead MoreThe Effect Of Fine Motor Skills And Vocabulary Development1251 Words   |  6 Pageshandwriting to typing in early schooling is largely due to the introduction of computers into the classroom. Whil e this allows students accesses to more information than ever before, there could be cognitive detriments to this sudden introduction to technology in the classroom. This is a critical period for children who are undergoing an extensive expansion of their gross and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are considered the movements of children’s small muscles, including fingers, toes, lipsRead MoreEnvironmental Factors That Affect Intelligence995 Words   |  4 Pagesintelligence behaviors, especially in anti-epileptic drugs, such as carbamazepine, will cause great damage on children s brain growth (Gaily et al. 2004). Riggins et al. (2012) also state that in prenatal stage, the mother exposure to drugs will cause incomplete development of the brain, leading to a negative result in intelligence, especially in memory function and cognitive ability. In addition, alcohol is another factor which can lead to low intelligence performance. According to Kesmodel et alRead MoreLearning Styles And Sociocultural Influences On Child And Adolescent Development1641 Words   |  7 Pagesand development. I will be examining an article from a media how these developmental theories analyses and helps us to understand the behaviour of child and adolescents. I will also try to explain about the domain of development such as physical, cognitive, emotional and social. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/oct/19/is-adolescent-risk-taking-vital-for-our-species There are so many examples of child and adolescent behaviour is reported in the media on a daily basis. Such behaviourRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Exercise On Brain Health1572 Words   |  7 PagesExercise on Brain Health Physical exercise does not only promote physical appearance and the body’s health, it also promotes brain health. The brain is a dynamic organ that replaces and repairs neurons throughout life. When people engage in exercise, rarely do they think about the potential affects it has on their brain. People that work out utilize various amounts of motor skills that have been acquired gradually through practice. Those utilized motor skills elicit the brains cognitive processesRead MoreMusic : Music And Brain Development1112 Words   |  5 PagesMusic and Brain Development Brenen E. Dapkiewicz Music and Brain Development Start by speaking the ABC’s. Within that process I have a decent feeling they were vocalized in song form; more than likely it sounded like Twinkle Twinkle. A well known melody from birth. Hearing music everywhere, tuned into our favorite station on the radio, throughout stores in the mall, or even the drumming to the tempo of the car’s turn signal in front of ours. As individuals, we have developed over time the senseRead MoreThe Effects Of Too Much Screen Time930 Words   |  4 Pageswhen our brain has the highest plasticity and when our sensitive period for brain development is (Berk). During this sensitive period is when appropriate stimuli is vital to our brain growth and is also when our experiences play the most important role in our development. The infant and toddler years should be spent developing healthy bonds and relationships with the child’s parents, other family members, exposing children to new experiences, and creating healthy habits. Those cr itical years should

Motivation, Emotion, and Behavior free essay sample

According to Dictionary.com, motivation is an arousal of an organism that acts toward a desired goal. Emotion is the state of consciousness of what one experiences such as love, hate, happy and sad. Behavior is an action or reaction under certain circumstances. The relationship between the three is feelings that one receives under each. For instance, a cold rainy day, on such a day, one’s motivation may be to lie around all day and possibly not change out of their pajama’s, which could lead to a sad and depressive day, (emotions) which leads to an â€Å"I don’t care† behavior. Emotions can affect motivation negatively or positively. As previously stated, emotions are a state of consciousness and sets how one is motivated. If I am happy, this gives me a positive motivation to which I would be able to accomplish most anything. If I am sad, then my emotions would be negative, therefore, I would not be motivated to accomplish anything. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation, Emotion, and Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This state could be justified as a depressive state of mind. An example of a specific behavior and the motivators and emotions that can be behind that behavior is â€Å"anger†, many could say anger comes from an attitude, and while attitudes and behaviors can go hand in hand, one’s behavior is the physical manifestation of your attitude and an attitude is an inner thought about what’s around you. The motivators and emotions behind anger is the state of being one has or the environment and situation one is in and how it makes them feel. Theories of Emotion; The four major theories of emotion are: The James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, the Schacter-Singer theory and the Lazarus theory. The James-Lange theory proposes that an event or stimulus causes a physiological arousal without any interpretation or conscious thought, and you experience the resulting emotion only after you interpret the physical response. (Ruud, M.) The Cannon-Bard Theory suggests that the given stimulus evokes both a physiological and an emotional response simultaneously, and that neither one causes the other. (Ruud, M.)The Schacter-Singer theory believes that an event causes physiological arousal, but that you must then identify a reason for the arousal before you label the emotion. (Ruud, M.)The Lazarus theory  builds on Schacter-Singer theory. It proposes that when an event occurs, a cognitive appraisal is made, either consciously or subconsciously, and based on the result of that appraisal, an emotion and physiological response follows. (Ruud, M.) I believe that the most valid of the four theories is Lazarus. I think that an emotion is based consciously and subconsciously. Even though the theories are all â€Å"feelings†, a person can create an emotion with or without really thinking about it. A good example, my granddaughter at times begins crying, and when asked why, her response is â€Å"I don’t know†. I think that the least valid of the four theories is the James-Lange theory. I think that a person’s emotions have to come from a conscious thought and that you do not experience the emotion â€Å"after the fact†. Thinking, Intelligence, and Creativity; I believe that in describing thinking, intelligence, and creativity, they all can be associated with reasoning and rationality. Thinking, intelligence, and creativity, all come from a mental capacity that one creates in their mind. Creativity does illustrate one’s thinking process and level of intelligence. Intelligence is when one has the ability to learn something during a thought process using their imagination to create new ideas. Examples of this is, I have a pattern to make dolls from a phone book, while turning each of the pages half way down, I began thinking why I was doing this, this was not something that a five year old would be able to play with, not to mention I have enough â€Å"junk† up on shelves. Three-fourths through the book, I opened it and what should have been the bottom of the dress for the doll, I thought it looks similar to a Christmas tree. So, using my thought process and intelligence, I decided to spray paint the finished product green, glue a star on top, and glue small pom-poms around it to making â€Å"decorations† and use it for a center piece on my table during the Christmas holidays.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Decision Making and Greyhound free essay sample

Greyhound Lines is a bus transportation company that had problems with operating costs and customer service. It did not have union in solving vital problems, more concretely, while Greyhound’s executive faced with these issues by reorganizing such as massive cuts in personnel, routes’ and service, along with computerization, middle managers in computer programming, human resource and terminal managers considered that executive’s solution was inappropriate. As a result, it was impossible for them to handle, did the number of passengers not only plunged dramatically but rivals also had been picking off Greyhound’s customers. To understand more deeply about what is going on in Greyhound Lines, we turn to discuss about the way executive managers made decision and analyze what was not satisfactory. 1. Was the decision facing Greyhound executives, programmed or non-programmed? From the case study, we can obviously identify with certainty that Greyhound’s executives were facing with non-programmed decision. Let remind a bit more about non-programmed decisions, that apply specific solutions crafted for a unique problem. 1] It was the first time facing with being unaffordable to dispatch nearly empty vehicles or have buses and drives on call to meet surges in demand. They did bring two solutions to reduce operating costs and improve customer services. For examples of non-programmed decision, first, Greyhound’s top managers introduced Trips through computerization of everything from passenger reservations to fleet scheduling. Modern technology helps work out automatically, quickly and effectively that may bring Greyhound for competitive advantages. They seemed to be lucid decisions because applying technology leads both saving labor cost and time. However, is technology always good or it also come long with various conditions? The second example of non-programmed decision was cutting labor force, routes, and services. It may be a suitable way to cutting cost . Nevertheless, whether Greyhound can improve customer service by these massive cuts? To conclude, Non-programmed decisions are made when new and unexpected situation occurs and information deficiency. Thus every executives manager need to awake to give solution carefully or they will influence badly. . Do you think Greyhound executives should have used the classical model, administrative model, political model or judgmental heuristics approach? Which do you believe they used? Discuss In my point of view, Greyhound executive should have used classical model that describes decision making with complete information[2] because of some reasonable evidences below. Firstly, they exactly understood what problem they was facing with that they clearly defined were difficult in providing buses which is of maximum capacity and they are not providing enough bus services when the demand for rides increased. Secondly, they got knowledge of possible alternative that managers in computer programming urged a delay in introducing the computerized Trips system, to work out bugs in the highly complex software. Next, they knew clearly their consequence by being provided adequate and significant information from other managers in different departments. For instance, the human resource managers pointed out that the terminal workers were unskilled in using Trips- new technology or they had needed extensive training program before they used the new system. Besides, the terminal managers also warned about their partial customers’ finance status such as they did not have credit card or even telephone to use Trips. Consequently, if they continued to take over applying Trips program, they might land in an impasse. The result was proven, the number of passengers fell down and they lost their market share. Although they had some above limit respects, they still have based on their sufficient information to make an optimizing decision to rescue themselves from problems and classical decision model is better choice. However, they used administrative decision model that affected a whole badly. Greyhound’s executives ignored all other department managers’ ideas and essential information. This was the very reasons for create boundaries, cognitive limitation that leaded them to making decision with partial knowledge. They put themselves into risky and uncertain conditions, which made them considered that administrative decision model was the most useful. Then they chose the first alternative that appeared to give a satisfactory resolution of the problem. They did mistake in running new system in that inappropriate period. In conclusion, I believe that the classical model is more appropriate to be used due to the clarity of the problem, condition of certainty and the availability of information that Greyhound actually had. 3. Analyze the Greyhound’s case in terms of the five steps of managerial decision-making process. Discuss and give your idea. Five steps of managerial decision- making process are finding and define the problem, generate and evaluate alternative solutions, select preferred solution and conduct ethic double-check, implement the solution and evaluate results. The first step in decision making- identify and define problem is vital step that impacts on how managers determine suitable strategy to solve problem. Greyhound done well in this step, they found that their major problem that neither broadly nor narrowly is inability to dispatch virtually empty buses, having employees who were not displaying professional behaviors and also not having drivers or buses on call to meet the demand by customers. That was also the root cause not symptom of problem and they found out their correct trouble to face with. The second step is generate and evaluate alternative problem, at this stage, more information is gathered, more involvement of other people is needed that will create the whole picture with sufficient information to evaluate alternative as well as consequence. However, in this step Greyhound did all mistake, executives gave solution too quickly and chose an alternative that was not as good as others that might be discovered. If I was Greyhound’s executive, instead of making decision in information deficiency, I will get all other department to commit to have whole vision about company’s respects. After that, I would conduct the cost-benefit analysis. This analysis allows the comparison of the cost and benefits of each potential course of action whereby the best case scenario would be having the benefit of solving the performance deficiency to outweigh the cost of implementing the alternatives. Fixing bugs is just temporary solution so at the same time, I will create training program for employee know how to use Trips system. Hence, with careful preparation, I will turn into new system at the right time in the future to make more competive advantage. Third step would be choosing a solution. The Greyhound executives actually made a satisficing decision. Meaning, they chose the first satisfactory alternative that came to their attention. In this case, they were dead set on choosing to implement the reorganization plan and introducing computerization. This is a decision made under the behavioral model, through which decisions are made with limited information and bounded rationality. If I was an executive, I would consider the suggestions made by my managers before I choose a solution. This is an optimizing decision and an optimizing decision allows me to choose the lternative giving me the absolute best solution to a problem. Subsequently, we have to implement the solution. Participation is crucial for a successful implementation. Participation is evident as the middle managers, managers in computer programming, the Human resource department and the terminal manager all contributed their ideas. Nevertheless, the managers had an equivocal thought with the executives. Surpr isingly the plan was still given the green light by the executives. Given the solutions presented by them, I would have tried to reach a compromise. This will show my respect towards them as a fellow employee. Finally, we must evaluate the result of the decisions made. A continuity of commitment to gather information on performance result allows us to make corrective actions. The outcomes were not positive for the case of Greyhound Lines Inc. The strategies and premature introduction of the new computerization reservations system resulted in inefficiency of customer service, dissatisfied customers and a decrease in ridership. The management ought to formulate corrective measures after identifying the dire state of the company.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Orthopraxy In Islam Essays - Islam, Hajj, Monotheistic Religions

Orthopraxy In Islam Orthopraxy in Islam RLST 2600 Orthopraxy in Islam Islamic life is centered on the physical practice of prayer (salat). With that the religion of Islam itself is based in the methodical movement through which Muslims show their devotion to Allah. The prayer begins with the devotee standing, bending slowly into a sitting position and ending in full prostration. Bowing fully onto the ground is a practice that shows humility and represents the true devotion of members. Practice-centered religion differentiates itself from orthodox religion in that it focuses primarily on ritual practice, rather than theology or doctrine, orthodox meaning correct opinion. The most visible orthodox religion of America is Christianity. Christianity centers life around the opinions of the church with less emphasis on purity and behavior. Islamic life is distinctly based on what can be defined as orthopraxy or the importance of religious practice. The orthopraxy of Islam can be seen in at least three of the Five Pillars of Islam , salat, Ramadan and the hajj, which are also representative of Muslim faith and duties. Salat, as mentioned earlier, is the performance of prayer five times a day. The prayer, which includes full prostration, is performed facing Mecca. In the The Meaning of the Glorious Koran, (the earliest source of Islamic writing as dictated to Mohammed), it is written, Whencesoever thou comest forth (for prayer, O Mohammed) turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship. Lo! it is the Truth from thy Lord. Allah is not unaware of what ye do (Surah 2:149). Implicit directions for prayer also display the amount of emphasis on practice. Salat must be performed five times daily, at specific times of the day: early morning, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and evening. Each Friday a congregational service is held at the mosque and every male is required to attend. Before prayer, four ritual aspects are required: ritual purification, proper covering of the body, proper intention, and facing Mecca, o r qibla (1). The emphasis on purity is directly associated with prayer, as one must not be impure in any way when one prays. The ritual impurity associated with everyday living is known as najasa or hadath. Najasa is external impurity including but not limited to, urine, blood, pus, feces of animals and humans. Hadath is impurity of the soul from performing certain activities. Hadath is caused by activities ranging from sleeping to seminal emission. The degree of hadath varies depending on the activity. Daily impurities result in a need for cleansing or ablutions. Ablution can be performed outside of mosques, usually the mosque will maintain a small fountain in which people can wash their hands to their elbows, feet to their ankles as well as heads and faces (1). The use of ablution as a form of purification as well as the consistent call to purify oneself follows the orthopraxy within Islam. The Koran states, The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Quran, a guidance for mank ind, and clear proofs of the guidancewhosoever of you is present, let him fast the month (2:185). The fasting during the month of Ramadan is an expression of joy; the fasting person recalls their dependence on Allah for sustenance and life. The fast lasts for thirty days, each day from sunrise to sunset. Again, the emphasis is placed on the practice of refraining from food, which challenges the body (1). The lives of Muslims change for a month as they devote themselves to concentration on the past year, and the graciousness of God. Increasing the amount of time spent focusing on religion allows members of the religion to renew their faith and their relationships with others. The journey to Mecca known as the hajj encompasses the practicing element of Islam. The holy pilgrimage to Mecca is required for all Muslims only if they have the means to afford such a trip and the physical ability to do so. Borrowing money is not proper for the trip; in fact one must have all debts settled bef ore they leave on hajj. Travel to the center of religious worship represents the distance one is willing to travel as well as the costs one is willing to endure in order to display their

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Argumentative Essay Topics With Sources - Make Sure You Are Using Sources

Argumentative Essay Topics With Sources - Make Sure You Are Using SourcesArgumentative essay topics with sources will help your writing. It gives you an advantage when you are writing for a topic that is sensitive and you need to give an opinion. The subjects are in your area of expertise.The first tip on argumentative essay topics with sources is to know where the facts are located. Most students find it difficult when it comes to referencing their sources, so make sure they understand the steps and the process before attempting to cite them. If you have any doubt, consult with someone who knows how to use a computer and can help you locate these sources. You don't want to spend your last few minutes of homework time pointing out to the class where the source was from, so don't do this!Next, you need to identify the facts that you want to use. Do you want to write an opinion or an article? Is the data fresh or is it old? There are many facts that you can use, but you must know where to find them. Research is important in developing the argument and in making sure that the information is solid.You can look online for different fact checking tools. This will take some time and you will have to do this on a regular basis. A fact checker has a great deal of information about the topic. They also have a lot of different facts that are relevant to your topic. Make sure you check their facts and you use them as part of your research. If the fact checks out, use them as part of your essay.You also need to make sure that you are using sources for your essay topics with sources. The best place to look for this information is at your local library. You can ask the librarian or the assistant who is doing your research for advice on where to get your sources. You may find yourself talking to a student who works in the library. This person can help you get the facts you need.You will also need to check the library's website for the information you need on the subject. The r eference books in the library often have stories and facts on the subject of your choice. Check with your library to find out where they found the information that you can use in your argument.Writing essay topics with sources is a bit more involved than writing topics without them. The process is not easy but it does have benefits, so take the time to learn how to do it correctly.

Friday, March 13, 2020

buy custom Culture of Japan essay

buy custom Culture of Japan essay The recorded history of Japan began when the Yamato clan, based in Kyoto, managed to control other family clans and groups in western and central Japan. This was in approximately A. D. 600. In Japan, Buddhism was introduced through its interactions with Korea during that time. China influenced Japan much in the 700s, and the imperial courts, similar to ones in China, were set up by the Yamato clan. The authority of the imperial courts was undermined in the ensuing centuries, and the vied control was taken by the powerful gentry families. A fame distinct class of warrior clans (Samurai) was rising at the same time (Japan, 2000). The growing culture and nationalism of Japan are occasioned by the nations desire to develop a more autonomous foreign policy and to enhance its military power. Many Japanese people are committed to realize the return of the ever powerful Japan in the past (Harootunian, 2000). Fomenting nationalism among the people of Japan is considered a very vital developme nt increasing and support for a well-built military. Even though in the past, such degrees of nationalism would be restricted based on the nations recognition of its fierce expansion all through East Asia in the early 20th century. In modern times, the society of Japan has greatly seen a lot of changes. The recollections of the actions of Japan prior to and after the WWII are slowly fading away (Dower, 1999). Compared to Japan, China is experiencing a dramatic power increase. Japan happens to be one of the few nations of pre-historic times with the almost homogenous population. Modernization has significantly played a role in the nationalism of Japan. Modernization started in 1869 with the inauguration of the Meiji Restoration. Before that time, the policy of the government of Japan was to deter the entrance and influence of the rest of other nations on it. However, the Opium War of Britain against the United States and China put pressure on Japan. Japan was thus forced to leave its policy of isolation and to start the formation of the modern nation (Hobsbawm, 1992). In the following years Japan began adopting more developed systems from the United States and Europe. One of the systems was the sovereignty concept and the nature of the Government as evident in the Prussian Empire. It was characterized by the establishment of a state which was highly centralized. Previously, Japan was a kind of federal state. Its basic unit of organization was ruled by the feudal relations. Consequently, Japanese got a more clear awareness of themselves. People of the country began regarding themselves as Japanese. This was a clear indication that they stopped seeing themselves as citizens belonging to a clan. They became members of a big Japanese nation (Hein and Selden, 2000). The Constitution of the Empire of Japan or Meiji Constitution was introduced in 1890. Since that year, Japan has all along been a constitutional monarchy. A new Constitution was established by legal advi sers to the Allied occupation forces and approved by the Parliament in 1947. The constitution gives equality based on sex, extends suffrage to all mature citizens, emphasizes the postwar renunciation of the emperor, concerning claims to the divine nature, and assigns the emperor a symbolic duty as head of state. The Parliament of Japan referred to as the Diet comprises the House of Councilors together with the House of Representatives.The desirable political model adopted in pre-historic times became the one that rescued Japan from Asia for both political leaders and powerful intellectuals. All the same, this was not an indication that Japan was completely westernized. The main agenda was to study the western system of politics and technology as well. There was a suppressed awareness amongst the people of Japan that they were not like the whites. The Japanese regarded themselves as superior to the rest of the world in spiritual and cultural matters (Takemae, 2002). From pre-historic times, the culture of Japan was greatly influenced by the culture from China and Korea. However, with the Meiji Restoration, the nation started to feel that Korea and China were inferior in matters of culture. They depicted this by detaching themselves from other Asian nations. Japan adopted imperialism unconditionally in the 1930s and invaded some Asian countries. This fact was seen as a move to liberate the people of Asia from the powers of the West. The WWII in the Pacific between the United States and Japan was described as a racial war that was remorseless (Connor, 1994). All through a bigger part of the postwar times, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), a conventional part with close connections to business and the national bureaucracy, controlled the national politics. The LDP was in ideally a coalition amongst semiautonomous factions leaders, and its trademark was intricate backroom deals and compromises. The split of the party took place in the year of 1993. It resulted in a number of factions ending up as independent political parties. The national realm and the ministries of the Government wield a lot of power (Estor, 2007). Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the levels of the elite in the national bureaucracy were given a lot of respect. In quite a number of areas, the ministries established a certain policy, and the politicians approved the opinions presented by the bureaucrats (Shirane and Tomi, 2001). The respect and prestige accorded to the ministries of the Government have plunged since the 1980s as a reaction to the economic downfall and largely publicized incidents of incompetence and corruption. The 1947 Constitution renounced the use of the force of military and bans the state from keeping armed forces. All the same, Japan maintains what is called a self-defense force with enough weaponry and personnel anchored by the growing Japanese budget.As to the religious matters, Shinto is a modern term for a system of religious gods and be liefs concerning the connection between persons, the environment in its nature, and the state at large. Shintos teachings refer to Japan as the unique land of gods. The religion in Japan does not have a formal scripture or dogma (Estor, 2007). Based on the history of Japan, Buddhism and Shinto have influenced each other in their coexistence in Japan. Shinto is closely related to a nationalist ideology and the imperial family. Buddhism was brought to Japan from China and Korea. It has two main branches: Teravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Generally, Teravada Buddhism is the branch of religion that takes course in Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia; whereas Mahayana is the branch of religion that impacted the Japanese, Korean and Chinese civilizations. Teravada means "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching" in Sanskrit. Teravada teaches the availability of salvation to a chosen few and more in particular to people who endeavor to gain enlightenment and do good works that will promote the ability of that person to surpass the snares of the mortal existence. The Teravada teaching focuses mainly on monastic communities.Currently, Japan is speedily building a legal system of military. The nationalistic sense and culture of Japan are rising, specifically towards North Korea (Cwiertka, 2007). This nationalism is somehow different from that which was experienced before 1945 that centered on arms. Under the Japan-US security administration, there is no objective of implementing armed force against the West, specifically the United States and Europe. Japan apparently learnt one thing from the WWII that it had to cooperate with the United States. Instead of being the sense common to the people of Japan, it is a turn of phrase of the lessons learnt through the people in power who consider that it was the United States power that defeated them in the WWII. Therefore, since then, Japan has become a chief economic power in the world. Japanese culture and na tionalism is thus a response to what the nation perceives as a changing power balance in the East Asia. Buy custom Culture of Japan essay

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Three Ethical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three Ethical Theories - Essay Example Much technology thus makes it possible for businesses to track how their employees use the computers, phones and even the copy machines. Utilitarianism approach appreciates the fact the means used in doing something should be justified by the end results. The business owner is thus justified to take any action which may improve the end results, in this situation, an increase in productivity. The company cannot therefore allow a free reign of the employees which allows them to have unrestricted and unmonitored use of the company internet. Free access and use of company services like the internet will end up with a situation in which the employees cease to care about the business they work and lose the aim of increasing productivity and profitability. Utilitarianism ethical perspectives support the actions of the senior management as it will increase productivity in the long run. Deontological This ethical principle focuses more on the rules and responsibilities set forward instead of looking at the final end result. If this approach is used in scenario one, each employee will be provided with rules and regulations that govern internet use while at work. This provides employees with the option of knowing what is expected of them and that every action taken must be supported by a logical reason. Invading the employee privacy to make the employees know that what they are doing is not right cannot be applied with this ethical perspective. Ethical Relativism In ethical relativisms, actions are weighed based on the practises found within a specific setup. There exist no universal way of measuring and evaluating the actions of the senior managers in this scenario to conclude on that it infringes on the privacy of the employees. Suggested approaches Scenario two Different ways people may act (and why): Perspective/ theory that may be applied Possible reactions and explanations to the situation Utilitarian From the overview provided, it is visible that actions made by th e state department officials to inflate the cost of setting the department website created an expensive situation due to the increased costs of operations that were incurred. This action did not produce any good both to the individuals involved and to the state corporation as it increased the cost of operating the website. The end of this action went against the means that was used to acquire it Deontological The methods and steps adopted in doing something are much more important than the final results that we seek to achieve. The staffs who were responsible for the establishment of this site should have weighed their actions and choices, not based on the end results or their individual desires but based on the methods and approach adopted. In a situation where other methods were available to accomplish this task, they should have gone for the cheapest option. Ethical Relativism No standard exist upon which the actions of the employees can be evaluated except the tradition set by t he society. In this society, corrupt deals and lack of integrity is not accepted in whatever means therefore making these actions inacceptable. Scenario two is therefore unacceptable by almost all these ethical theories. Suggested

Sunday, February 9, 2020

International Maritime Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Maritime Organization - Assignment Example It includes number of safety measures like that of improving the electrical installation and machinery installation, life saving equipments, fire protection, navigation safety, carriage of hazardous goods, radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony, nuclear merchant ships, and the overall safety of the shipping. The primary function of IMO is to form legislation and establish global treaties relating marine pollution prevention and safety of shipping. The organisation keeps the legislation always up to date so that it becomes helpful for the concerned countries and this attempt has become a successful one. It is found that more than 98% of the international shipping traders follow these legislations. IMO’s another important function is to protect the environment from the hazards of shipping because the extracts of the shipping activities which flows to the sea is very harmful which creates water pollution. Thus, these set of laws helps to prevent the sea water from pollution. IMO also provides safety training to avoid accidents occurring in the sea. The measures taken by IMO have been successful and the rate of serious hazards rate has been reducing from the last twenty years. The oil from the ships which used to enter into the sea also has reduced by considerable extent. Since human resources are the most important resource of the shipping industry so it has become an important task of IMO to improve and develop the human resources. With the opening of the ISM Code, it has made safety a prime concern. This code explains the responsibility for safety and implementation of this code has become tremendously successful. The IMO has also implemented training programmes and has provided modern guidelines to their marine educational institutions through various technical programmes. Thus it can be concluded that IMO provides detailed guidelines and direction which are essential to

Thursday, January 30, 2020

This play is really a piece of veiled social criticism, its theme on the failure of the American dream Essay Example for Free

This play is really a piece of veiled social criticism, its theme on the failure of the American dream Essay In the American dream, America is portrayed as the land of opportunity; the perfect place for everyone to live, all the stereotypical Americans are big, comfortable, rich, and altogether happy. They portray the image that through hard work, honesty and merit, they too can reach the top, have a large house, lots of money and the perfect all American family, a loving happy wife and two clever children. The play, however, could be Albees attempt to show that in many cases this American dream is unachievable and, what could appear at first to be the perfect family could, on closer examination, turn out to be something not confirming to the American dream whatsoever. This could also be Albee showing that the American dream is a perfect image, and just an image. At first sight, Martha and George appear to be as far away from the American dream and its ideals as is possible. They are constantly scrapping with each other and bickering and seem not to have a nice word to say to the other. At one point Martha quotes You see, George didnt have muchpushhe wasnt particularly aggressive. In fact, he was a sort of aa FLOP! A greatbigfatflop! Martha is portraying her husband in no uncertain terms to his colleagues. This encourages us think that no couple from the American dream scenario would do something like this. She is blatantly betraying her husband, and more importantly, destroying the happy family element of the American dream. As the play draws on, however, we find more and more evidence of a joyous marriage, hidden behind a thickened exterior from years of exercising their wits. We can find several examples of their love; the first being in the lounge shortly after the gun incident when Martha asks George to kiss her to demonstrate his affection. The second slightly more complicated issue, when she leaves with Nick and, despite no obvious signs of objection George really wishes she would reconsider the idea. At the beginning, Nick and Honey seem like the perfect all-American couple- young, attractive, on their way to success. Nicks attractiveness is portrayed in the opening dialogue between George and Martha, as she describes Nick and George remembers him as the good looking one. As the play progresses, a different couple emerges. Nick reveals himself to be cold-hearted and a bit ruthless; ready to do whatever it takes to get to the top. Honey seems silly and hopelessly inane until she reveals herself to be deeply frightened of reality, an eternal child who refuses to grow up to the responsibilities of life (as represented by childbirth). Nick comprehends George and Marthas secret, but whether he is changed by it is a question the play doesnt answer. As Martha is describing her son, Honey cries out that she wants a child, but Honeys future is ambiguous, too. Whether she will feel the same way after she has sobered up is never clarified. Nick appears to be the perfect candidate for the American dream. He is good looking, successful in his job, has the perfect all American wife, and a good outlook on life. As the plot progresses we start to see a wider perspective on Nicks life. He is not honest and we can see this in the middle scene when he is willing to further his career by sleeping with the principals daughter. This act is not worthy of any merit and he appears to not regret doing it either, definitely not a quality of the American dream hero. His wife also doesnt appear very committed to his job as she greatly begrudged having to make friends and acquaintances at Nicks previous post. She even went as far as to moan about this to her husbands colleagues, despite the fact that these were good and honest, merit-worthy ways to aid her husband in reaching the top. Martha is a large busy-bodying woman who is extremely insecure. She shows a need for love, which can easily lead to her getting hurt. In the very beginning she asks George for a kiss. When he refuses she appears to not mind but we can feel huge waves of upset coming from beneath the surface. We believe that she feels her marriage is insecure and that because she cant love herself she cant understand why George can love her. We see her, as loud boisterous and bossy but is she really? Her thick outer shell could simply be her way of preventing herself getting hurt, or it could be more simply, that she uses the attention she gets from the joking as a substitute for the love that she never got as a child. Her control over George is seen right from the beginning, she is extremely over possessive of their marriage and yet at times she appears as if she couldnt care less. Whereas all the other characters have a definite personality, which becomes more defined throughout the play, Marthas personality changes by the minute. At first she enjoys poking fun at everyone, then she doesnt and then she just collapses. We perceive this as either Albee constantly adapting her character to the changing events in the play or his way of making this character really come alive in a place true to our hearts; where we can all identify with her. George is the typical middle age college professor, married, stereotypical, but not the American dream man. He is lousy in his career and his wife is quick to point this out. He has not conformed to Marthas plans for him to become a high standing man in the university, taking over the department and eventually the college. Despite his apparent failure in his work he is a man who has certain principles and sticks with them. He doesnt however object to Marthas adultery, he hopes that even down to the very last minute, she will change her mind and not simply continue pushing to see how far she can go before George will object. We can all see however, that George is very sad when Martha has pushed beyond the point of no return and will not change her mind; he really loves her. At the end of the play he also turns out to push things too far, but this does not make a difference to our thoughts that he is more fulfilling of the American dream than Martha, Honey or Nick. Honey is a very fickle character; she simply does what suits herself best. In the first chapter of the play she admits to George that she doesnt really want children and, without telling her husband is having secret abortions. This is cruel and mean. It could bring their marriage crashing to the ground, and could also greatly upset Nick when he finds out. She is aware of this but goes ahead with the abortions anyway. Does this, the audience ask, make her an uncaring character? The answer is no, she is aware of the fact that Nick married her for her money and not love so she therefore is not 100% careful of her marriage. She drinks herself silly at the end of the first scene and then proceeds to continue drinking. An American dream character would have stopped before now, unless she is drinking to hide her sorrows or fears. In the play, the audience is aware that both Martha and Honey have social problems. Honey drinks a lot to cover, and hide from her problems and Martha puts on an outer appearance of being loud and boisterous, despite the fact she isnt. Albee has given both of these characters domineering fathers who do not conform to the American dream. Both men spent their years getting rich, not by hard work, but by stealing from the places they worked for, as we can see in these two extracts, the first from George on Marthas father; Martha has money too. I mean, her fathers been robbing this place blind for years, and the second from Nick, He spent Gods moneyand he saved his own, Neither of the fathers spent much time at home either, and neglected their daughters, using their stolen money as a substitute for love and affection. This deficiency in their childhood leads us, the audience to wonder if maybe these earlier problems are some cause for the troubles they both succumb to in their own marri ages. All the men in Albees play seem to have failed the American dream in terms of job ideals. None of them have a job where they have succeeded through honesty and loyalty. George is the only one who has been loyal, honest and hardworking, and he is still stuck in the mud at the bottom, in Marthas words, a flop. We do not find out how Marthas father got to the top; whether honest or not. We do hear, however that he takes money from the university and has failed Martha as a father, leaving us in no doubt as to what sort of person he is. Nick has failed at a previous job and has come to a new university hoping to turn over a new leaf, this might well be believed if he didnt go and sleep with the principals daughter shortly after arriving. He also explains, before sleeping with her to George that she is the most important woman in the university, the biggest goose in the gaggle, leading us to believe that maybe hes sleeping with her just for the power. Honeys father is implicated by his son-in-law to burn down churches to get money; not the sort of behaviour for a man of the American dream. Gamesmanship is one of the plays major themes and is expressed in the title of the first act, Fun and Games. Albee is emphasising the games everyone plays in life, particularly those that are harmful to us and to others. George and Marthas games have moved beyond the needs of a normal couple to chide each other for their faults. They now are capable of wounding each other deeply, as these games have become a substitute for real communication between them. In the play, their need to lash out extends to include Nick and Honey; and the party games, including Humiliate the Host, Get the Guests, Bringing Up Baby, etc, provide the framework for their marital battles. Georges decision to kill his and Marthas son provides the climactic game that may change their lives forever. Honey and Nick have no children, despite appearing, at first, to want a child. As we get inside this couple we discover that Nick is a biologist and would like children, whereas Honey is deeply afraid of having children. Honeys fear of childbirth goes as far as for her to have secret abortions without telling Nick. She confides this in George and he realises just how close to breaking point this marriage. No American dream marriage should ever be close to breaking point. Honeys secret appears only to make her marriage to Nick even more unstable, so we wonder why she doesnt tell him. As the play progresses, we can see George gently encouraging Honey to have her children instead of killing them until finally Honey announces suddenly and tearfully I want a child. This should be quite surprising to Nick, as he has assumed that she obviously wants a child, but it isnt so we think that maybe he has discovered her abortions and simply kept quiet. The imaginary child is important to the play for several reasons. On one level, it gives the play suspense, as the audience wonders why George is so insistent that the subject of the child not be mentioned. On a symbolic level, the child represents George and Marthas need to share something private amid the wreck of their marriage, even an illusion, since the thought of facing the reality of their lives is too painful. George doesnt want Martha to tell the guests about their child as we can see in some of the opening dialogue George: Just dont start in on the bit about the kid, thats all. Martha: What do you take me for? George: Much too much. Martha: Yeah? Well Ill start in on the kid if I want to. Martha: Just leave the kid out of this. George: Id advise against it, Martha. This starts us wondering about their child, who he is, where he is etc. Another possibility is that the child represents the sterility of American lives, in which the dream of the perfect child is merely an illusion, impossible to achieve in a world of adultery, alcoholism, lying, and evasion. Finally, the child acts as the catalyst in Georges last gesture against Martha, a gesture both sadistic and healing. His decision to kill the child results in Marthas realisation that reality must be faced, whatever the consequences. And the consequences for both George and Martha are, at best, uncertain. George claimed that his mother was killed accidentally, with a shotgun. We consider why he claims this to be accidental. He had the shotgun and it went off. His carrying of the shotgun was no accident. It firing may have been, but why did he have a loaded shotgun pointed at his mother? He then goes on to claim that he was driving, his learners license in his pocket when he swerved and killed his father too. These are both cases of violence in what is definitely not a perfect American dream, despite appearing to be. Honey is a fragile, gentle lady who suddenly starts shouting violence violence when provoked. Martha and George are constantly having battles of a verbal nature and goes as far as to declare all out war of verbal violence, destined to end unhappily for everyone. A true American dream sociology would contain no violence so why is it such a prominent feature in the play? Both Nick and Honey seem to want totally different things from their marriage. Nick wants children, Honey doesnt. Honey wants love, Nick doesnt give any. It is a long way from the perfect American marriage. Nicks has married for money only and he only thinks he loves Honey, as she has found out as the recipient. During George and Nicks discussions, Nick tells George about how he married Honey, he explains that he thought Honey was pregnant and he therefore married her. After the marriage however, she turned out not to be pregnant. This leads us to wonder if she really was pregnant and then had an abortion or a miscarriage or whether she was just lying to Nick; we are not told the outcome of this. Later however, when George plays Get the Guests it emerges what Nick told George and Honey is extremely is upset, reprimanding Nick, who claims he didnt mean to. This makes us contemplate; can a marriage where one half constantly does meaningless actions that upset the other seriously work? Marthas and Honeys need for love is a large element in the play. If they had been shown more love as children, maybe they wouldnt need it so much now. Marthas need from love is shown from the very beginning when they arrive and Martha asks for a kiss from George and when he refuses she asks repeatedley, then questions why he wont, fearing that their latest exercising of wits has annoyed him. As the play draws on, Martha sleeps with Nick, believing she will get love from it, when she doesnt, she is very upset. It is not difficult for us to empathise with Martha, slightly harder for us to empathise with Honey. Honey was never loved as a child and is not really loved by Nick either; this contributes to her frailness. We are led to believe that both married so they could get love, unsure of what it was and therefore unable to give it. Martha cannot understand how George could love her and believes their marriage is failing, despite the fact it isnt. When George tells Nick that the way to a mans heart is through his wifes belly Nick thinks George is joking. They talk for a bit calling the women a gaggle of geese and comparing them to The Puntas George continues to explain that sleeping around is the faculty sport and that everyone does. Surely not a good idea for a happy marriage on the American dream terms? As their conversation progresses, George encourages Nick to mount her like a goddamn dog, which Nick proceeds to do as the play unravels. When George realises that Nick is utterly serious about sleeping with his wife, he tries to give Nick some advice. Nick refuses to listen and simply mocks George who gives up after trying once more. George has been at the university a long time so when he fails to be listened to he is very upset, which could be why he later encourages Nick to sleep with Martha, in total seriousness. Because of the differences in their ages, George and Nick represent two different generations. George is generally passive, weakened by his lack of success and by Marthas constant humiliation of him. Nick is young, ambitious, and amoral; eager to get ahead by whatever means it takes. Their professions also contrast the two. A historian, George is also representative of a humanist, one who is interested in human values- in his case, with a particular interest in the past. A biologist, Nick represents both the future and the clinical, cold-hearted approach to life that threatens to rob mankind of its individuality. Albee ironically turns the tables on the characters when George is shown to be the one in control and the only one who has ever satisfied Martha. Nick, the stud, is impotent in his sexual encounter with Martha and becomes the houseboy, the subservient one. Whos afraid of Virginia Woolf is truly a portrait of humiliation and broken dreams. It is a piece of social criticism on the failure of the American dream. Albee has stated that the role of the writer is to be, axiomatically, against any society he happens to be living in, and we can certainly find evidence to prove this statement as we look at and study this play. The American dream is a state of perfection that can never be achieved. Martha and George who are happy but do not conform to the ideals and Nick and Honey who appear perfect, but under the surface are very strained. Martha is loud and boisterous but deeply unhappy, George is unsuccessful but loved and admired, Honey is unloved but delicate and beautiful, Nick is successful but not liked. All the men in the play appear unsuccessful when compared to the American dream. The games they play are not happy, or fun, but an excuse for verbal abuse. The characters are part of a society where they hold all night orgies, use violence and drink to extremes. The play is a piece of social criticism on the failure of the American dream.